Jump to content

Richard Williamson (bishop)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

His Excellency, The Most Reverend

Richard Williamson
Orders
Ordination29 June 1976[1]
by Marcel Lefebvre
Consecration30 June 1988[1]
by Marcel Lefebvre
Personal details
Born
Richard Nelson Williamson

(1940-03-08) 8 March 1940 (age 84)[1]
Buckinghamshire, England
DenominationTraditionalist Catholic, Catholic
Alma materWinchester College,[2]
University of Cambridge,[2]
International Seminary of Saint Pius X
MottoFidelis inveniatur[3]
Ordination history of
Richard Williamson
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained byMarcel Lefebvre
Date29 June 1976
PlaceThe International Seminary of Saint Pius X, Écône, Switzerland
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecratorMarcel Lefebvre
Co-consecratorsAntônio de Castro Mayer
Date30 June 1988
PlaceThe International Seminary of Saint Pius X, Écône, Switzerland
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Richard Williamson as principal consecrator
Jean-Michel Faure19 March 2015
Tomás de Aquino Ferreira da Costa19 March 2016
Gerardo Zendejas [pl]11 May 2017
Giacomo Ballini14 January 2021
Michał Stobnicki[4][5]15 August 2022

Richard Nelson Williamson (born 8 March 1940) is an English traditionalist Catholic bishop who opposes the changes in the church brought about by the Second Vatican Council.

In 1988, Williamson was one of four Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) priests illicitly consecrated as bishops by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, for which Pope John Paul II declared he had incurred ipso facto automatic excommunication.[6] The validity of the excommunication has always been denied by the SSPX, who, citing canon law, argue that the consecrations were permissible due to a crisis in the Catholic Church. The excommunications, including that of Williamson, were lifted on 21 January 2009 but the suspension of the bishops from ministry within the Catholic Church remained in force.[7]

Immediately afterward, Swedish television broadcast an interview recorded earlier at the SSPX's seminary in Zaitzkofen, Bavaria. During the interview, Williamson expressed his belief that no more than 200,000 to 300,000 Jews were killed during the Holocaust and that Nazi Germany did not use gas chambers. Based upon these statements, he was charged with and convicted of Holocaust denial by the district court of Regensburg, Germany.[8] The Holy See declared that Pope Benedict had been unaware of Williamson's views when he lifted the excommunication of the four bishops.[9] He said that Williamson would remain suspended from his episcopal functions until he unequivocally and publicly distanced himself from that stated position on the Holocaust.[10][2] In 2010, Williamson was convicted of incitement in a German court in relation to those views; the conviction was later vacated on appeal.[11] He was convicted again on this charge in a retrial in early 2013.[12] Williamson appealed again, but his appeal was rejected.

After a number of incidents, including calling for the resignation of Bernard Fellay as the Superior General of the Society of St. Pius X, refusal to stop publishing his weekly email and an unauthorised visitation to Brazil, Williamson was expelled from the Society in 2012. After leaving the Society, Williamson consecrated Jean-Michel Faure, Tomás de Aquino Ferreira da Costa, and Gerardo Zendejas [pl] as bishops in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Because of these consecrations, he was excommunicated latae sententiae from the Catholic Church again in 2015.[13]

Williamson is fluent in English, French, German and Spanish.[14]

Early life

[edit]

Williamson was born in 1940 in Buckinghamshire, England,[15] the middle son of a Marks & Spencer buyer and his wealthy American wife. Williamson attended Winchester College before going on to study at Clare College, Cambridge, where he received a degree in English literature.[16] Upon graduating, he taught at a college in Ghana for a brief period.[15]

Williamson, originally an Anglican, was received into the Catholic Church in 1971.[17] After a few months as a postulant at the Brompton Oratory, he left. He became a member of the Society of Saint Pius X, a traditionalist Catholic faction founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre in protest against what Lefebvre saw as the liberalism of the Second Vatican Council.[15] Williamson entered the International Seminary of Saint Pius X at Écône, Switzerland, and in 1976 he was ordained a priest by Lefebvre.[16]

Williamson subsequently moved to the United States, where he served as the rector of St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Ridgefield, Connecticut from 1983, and continued in the position when the seminary moved to Winona, Minnesota in 1988.[16][18]

Consecration and excommunication

[edit]
Main article: Écône consecrations

In June 1988, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre announced his intention to consecrate Williamson and three other priests (Bernard Fellay, Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, and Alfonso de Galarreta) as bishops. Lefebvre did not have a pontifical mandate for these consecrations (i.e., permission from the pope), normally required by canon 1382 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law. On 17 June 1988 Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, prefect of the Congregation for Bishops sent the four priests a formal canonical warning that they would automatically incur the penalty of excommunication if they were to be consecrated by Lefebvre without papal permission.

On 30 June 1988, Williamson and the three other priests were consecrated bishop by Archbishop Lefebvre and Antônio de Castro Mayer. On 1 July 1988, Cardinal Bernardin Gantin issued a declaration stating that Lefebvre, de Castro Mayer, Williamson, and the three other newly ordained bishops "have incurred ipso facto the excommunication latae sententiae reserved to the Apostolic See".

On 2 July 1988, Pope John Paul II issued the motu proprio Ecclesia Dei, in which he reaffirmed the excommunication and described the consecration as an act of "disobedience to the Roman pontiff in a very grave matter and of supreme importance for the unity of the Church", and that "such disobedience – which implies in practice the rejection of the Roman primacy — constitutes a schismatic act".[19] Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos, head of the commission responsible for implementing Ecclesia Dei, has said this resulted in a "situation of separation, even if it was not a formal schism."[20]

The SSPX denied the validity of the excommunications, saying that the consecrations were necessary due to a moral and theological crisis in the Catholic Church, making them permissible under canon law.[21][22][23]

His excommunication, along with that of Archbishop Lefebvre and the other bishops consecrated in the Écône consecrations were lifted in 2009 by Benedict XVI.[24]

Episcopal duties

[edit]

After his episcopal consecration, Williamson remained rector of St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Winona, Minnesota.[18] He performed various episcopal functions, including confirmations and ordinations. In 1991, he assisted in the consecration of Licínio Rangel as bishop for the Priestly Society of St. John Mary Vianney after the death of its founder, Antônio de Castro Mayer.[citation needed] In 2006, he ordained two priests and seven deacons in Warsaw, Poland for the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat (SSJK).[25]

In 2003, Williamson was appointed rector of the Seminary of Our Lady Co-Redemptrix in La Reja, Argentina.[17]

Views

[edit]
Williamson celebrating Mass in 1991

Catholicism

[edit]

In common with other traditionalists, Williamson opposes the changes in the Catholic Church brought about by the Second Vatican Council. He sees such changes as being unacceptably liberal and modernistic, and as being destructive to the Church.[26][27][28] Among the changes he opposes are the Church's increased openness to other Christian denominations and other religions,[26][29] and changes in the forms of Catholic worship such as the general replacement of the Tridentine Mass with the Mass of Paul VI. Williamson has criticised Pope John Paul II, to whom he attributed a "weak grasp of Catholicism".[30] Williamson holds that the SSPX is not schismatic, but rather is composed of true Catholics who are keeping the "complete Roman Catholic apostolic faith".[26][27][28][31]

Williamson is viewed as being located towards the hardline end of the traditionalist spectrum, though he does not go quite so far as to espouse sedevacantism.[32][33][34] In the past, he opposed compromise between the SSPX and the Church leadership in Rome,[35][36] accusing the latter of deceit[33] and of being under "the power of Satan".[26][34] He has been reported as viewing reconciliation between the SSPX and the Holy See as being impossible, and he has noted that some SSPX members might refuse to follow the Society in such a direction even if an agreement were reached.[16][36][37]

Williamson was reportedly dismissive of Mother Teresa because of her supposedly 'liberal' views.[38]

Society

[edit]

Williamson holds strong views regarding gender roles. He opposes women wearing trousers or shorts,[39][40][41] women attending college or university, and women having careers.[42][43] He has urged greater "manliness" in men.[39][41]

Regarding parenting style, he denounced the film The Sound of Music as "soul-rotting slush" and says that, by putting "friendliness and fun in the place of authority and rules, it invites disorder between parents and children."[44][45]

Conspiracy theories

[edit]

Williamson supports conspiracy theories regarding the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and the World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theory, denying that the September 11 attacks were foreign terrorist attacks and claiming they were instead staged by the U.S. government.[39][16][46] He has also said that the 7 July 2005 London bombings were an "inside job" and propagated rumours about the likelihood of a nuclear attack on the London Olympics in 2012.[47]

Jews and Holocaust denial

[edit]

Williamson condemns the Jewish religion.[48] He has urged the conversion of the Jews to Catholicism.[49]

He says that Jews and Freemasons have contributed to the "changes and corruption" in the Catholic Church.[50][51] He has also stated that Jews aim at world dominion[16][52] and believes The Protocols of the Elders of Zion to be authentic.[16] Williamson has denied that he is promoting hatred,[53] identifying the contemporary enemies of the faith as "Jews, Communists and Freemasons".[51][53] He argues that "Anti-Semitism means many things today, for instance, when one criticizes the Israeli actions in the Gaza Strip. The Church has always understood the definition of anti-Semitism to be the rejection of Jews because of their Jewish roots. This is condemned by the Church."[54]

Since the late 1980s, Williamson has been accused of Holocaust denial.[51][55][56] Citing the pseudoscientific Leuchter report,[54] Williamson has denied that millions of Jews were murdered in Nazi concentration camps and the existence of Nazi gas chambers[17][57][58] and praised Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel.[51] During an interview on Swedish television recorded in November 2008, he stated: "I believe that the historical evidence is strongly against, is hugely against six million Jews having been deliberately gassed in gas chambers as a deliberate policy of Adolf Hitler",[58] and "I think that 200,000 to 300,000 Jews perished in Nazi concentration camps, but none of them in gas chambers."[17][57][56]

On the occasion of Robert Faurisson's death in 2018, he summarised: "[T]he people who hold world-wide power today over politics and the media are people who want the godless New World Order," and "they have fabricated a hugely false version of World War Two history to go with a complete fabricated religion to replace Christianity."[59]

Lifting of the excommunication

[edit]

Wishing to heal the rift with the SSPX, Pope Benedict XVI lifted the declared automatic excommunications of the four bishops Marcel Lefebvre had consecrated, as they had requested.[56][57][60] The decree was signed on 21 January 2009, the same day that the interview on Swedish television was broadcast.[57][61][62] The decision stirred widespread outrage,[57] particularly in Germany, where the interview was conducted and where Holocaust denial is illegal and punishable by imprisonment of up to five years.[63] Reaction from the State of Israel and much of the worldwide Jewish community was strongly negative, and Abraham Foxman, president of the Anti-Defamation League, wrote to Cardinal Walter Kasper in order to express his opposition to any ecclesiastic re-integration of Williamson.[64] In January 2009, the Chief Rabbinate of Israel suspended contacts with the Vatican. The Chief Rabbi of Haifa told The Jerusalem Post that he expected Williamson to retract publicly his statements before any dialogue could resume.[65]

Pope Benedict XVI stated that he deplored all forms of antisemitism and that all Catholics must do the same.[66] The Pope expressed his "unquestionable solidarity" with the Jewish people, and stated his hope that "the memory of the Shoah will induce humanity to reflect on the unpredictable power of hate when it conquers the heart of man",[67] and condemned the denial of the Holocaust.[68][69] Vatican officials stated that they had not been aware of Williamson's views prior to the lifting of the excommunication;[70][9][71] as a result, in a July 2009 Vatican reorganisation, the Pope tightened control and supervision over reconciliation efforts with SSPX.[72]

Williamson sent the Pope a letter expressing his regret about the problems that he had caused, but did not retract his statements.[73][74] On 4 February 2009 the Vatican Secretariat of State issued a note stating that Williamson would have to distance himself unequivocally and publicly from the opinions that he had expressed before he would be permitted to act as a bishop within the Church.[75][76] Williamson responded that he would do so only after looking at the historical evidence for himself.[54] On 26 February, he formally apologised for the offence that had been caused by his comments, but did not indicate that he had changed his views.[77][78] The Vatican rejected his apology, stating that he needed to "unequivocally and publicly" withdraw his comments. Some Jewish groups have expressed disappointment at the ambiguity of his apology, because he failed to address the consensus about the Holocaust.[77] He subsequently repeated the denial to followers, stating that "The fact is that the 6 million people who were supposedly gassed represent a huge lie."[14]

Fellay of the SSPX initially denied responsibility, stating that Williamson's statements were his alone and that the affair did not concern the SSPX as a whole.[79] However, he subsequently forbade Williamson from speaking out publicly about historical or political matters, and asked Pope Benedict for forgiveness for the damage done by Williamson's statements.[80] In a subsequent interview he likened Williamson to uranium, asserting that "It's dangerous when you have it," but you can't "simply leave it by the side of the road."[14]

The Vatican declared that "in order to be admitted to episcopal functions within the Church, (Williamson) will have to take his distance, in an absolutely unequivocal and public fashion, from his position on the Shoah, which the Holy Father (i.e., the Pope) was not aware of when the excommunication was lifted."[10][2]

In Argentina

[edit]
Williamson in 1991

In Argentina, Williamson became a cult figure amongst the far-right seminarians, The Guardian reports.[81]

Williamson was removed as the head of the seminary in La Reja, Argentina,[58] and Fellay stated that if Williamson again denied the Holocaust, he would be excluded from the society.[66][82]

In February 2009, the government of Argentina asked Williamson to leave the country over irregularities with his visa, and stated that his recent statements about Jews "profoundly offend Argentinian society, the Jewish people and all of humanity".[83] On 24 February 2009, Williamson flew from Argentina to London, where he was met by Michele Renouf, a former model known for her antisemitic views, with whom he had been put in touch by Holocaust denier David Irving.[54][84][85][86]

Criminal conviction in Germany

[edit]

On 4 February 2009, German prosecutors announced the launch of a criminal investigation into the statements.[87] In October 2009, a German court, using an "order of punishment" fined Williamson €12,000 after finding him guilty of Holocaust denial.[88] Williamson denied the charges and appealed, paving the way for a full hearing that Williamson need not attend.[89] He did not attend the trial, on orders from his society, on charges of inciting racial hatred in Regensburg, Germany on 16 April 2010, and was found guilty. The court reduced the fine to €10,000.[90] Lawyers from both sides appealed the fine; the lawyer Williamson hired was the former leader of the Wiking-Jugend, an outlawed Neo-Nazi group.[91] The Society of St. Pius X ordered Williamson to find a new lawyer under threat of expulsion.[91] His appeal was held on 11 July 2011. The lower court's decision was upheld at appeal, but the fine was reduced to €6,500, reportedly due to Williamson's financial circumstances.[92][93] On 22 February 2012 the higher court dismissed this cconviction, finding that the initial charges against Williamson had been inadequately drawn, having failed to specify the nature of his offense, or at what point his filmed comments came under German jurisdiction, or in what sense he be held liable for failing to prevent their publication in Germany.[11] On 16 January 2013, he was prosecuted and convicted again, but this time with a much-reduced fine of €1,600 because of his "unemployed state". He refused to pay the fine and appealed again,[94] but his appeal was dismissed.[95] On 31 January 2019 the European Court of Human Rights ruled against Williamson’s attempt to overturn a conviction for Holocaust denial on the grounds of free speech.[96][97]

Expulsion from SSPX

[edit]

In August 2012, Williamson administered the sacrament of confirmation to about 100 laypeople at the Benedictine Monastery of the Holy Cross in Nova Friburgo, Brazil, during an unauthorised visit to the State of Rio de Janeiro. The society's South American district superior, interlanguage Christian Bouchacourt, protested against his action on the SSPX website, saying that it was "a serious act against the virtue of obedience."[98] In early October 2012, the leadership of the SSPX gave Williamson a deadline to declare his submission, instead of which he published an "open letter" asking for the resignation of the Superior General.[99] On 4 October 2012, the Society expelled Williamson in a "painful decision" citing the failures "to show respect and obedience deserved by his legitimate superiors".[100]

St. Marcel Initiative, episcopal consecrations, second excommunication

[edit]

In the first issue of his weekly blog after his expulsion, Williamson wrote: "Hang tight, everybody. We are in for one 'helluva' ride. Let's just make that a ride to Heaven!"[101] And later, he wrote: "For myself, I shall attempt to follow [God's] Providence in the ordaining of priests – or in the consecrating of bishops. God's will be done."[102] He called for the establishment of a loose network of what he called "Catholic Resistance" to any proposal by the SSPX to drop its opposition to Rome.[103] An initiative was set up by Williamson under the title "The St. Marcel Initiative".[104]

On 19 March 2015, Williamson ordained Frenchman Jean-Michel Faure, a former member of the SSPX, as a bishop in a ceremony in Nova Friburgo, Brazil. Like Williamson, Faure opposed reconciliation discussions between the SSPX and the Catholic Church. As this was done without papal mandate, both Faure and Williamson incurred a latae sententiae excommunication.[105] The SSPX condemned the consecration as "not at all comparable to the consecrations of 1988" and as proof that Williamson and Faure "no longer recognize the Roman authorities, except in a purely rhetorical manner".[106]

Exactly one year later, Williamson consecrated Tomás de Aquino Ferreira da Costa as a bishop in Brazil. This consecration also took place without papal approval.[107] The following year, it was announced that Williamson intended to consecrate a third bishop, Mexican-American prelate Gerardo Zendejas, on 11 May 2017. The consecration was held at St. Athanasius Church in Vienna, Virginia.[108]

In late December 2022, Williamson stated he had privately consecrated another bishop, Giacomo Ballini (the leader of the Cork branch of the group calling itself “SSPX Resistance”. They are a group founded by Williamson[109]), in 2021. If this claim is to be believed, Williamson has, in total, consecrated four bishops since he became independent.[110]

On 15 August 2022, he consecrated Michał Stobnicki as a bishop in Poland.[111][112]

In January 2024, it was reported by several sources that Williamson performed a conditional episcopal consecration for Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò to the episcopate.[113][114]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Chow, Gabriel. "Bishops who are not Ordinaries of Sees: WI... – WN..." GCatholic.org. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d Owen, Richard; Gledhill, Ruth (5 February 2009). "Pope insists Bishop Richard Williamson must renounce Holocaust denial". The Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  3. ^ 1 Cor 4:2 DRB. NVUL: that a man be found faithful · Latin: ut fidelis quis inveniatur
  4. ^ "Bp Michał Stobnicki - NON POSSUMUS". FSSPXR NON POSSUMUS (in Polish). 15 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Eleison Comments DCCCXXXV". St. Marcel Initiative. 15 July 2023. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  6. ^ "Apostolic Letter 'Ecclesia Dei' of the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II". La Santa Sede. 2 July 1988. Archived from the original on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  7. ^ Magister, Sandro (28 January 2009). "No More Excommunication for the Lefebvrists. But Peace Is Still Far Off". L'espresso. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  8. ^ "Holocaustleugnung: Bischof Williamson verurteilt". 17 April 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Letter of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI to the Bishops of the Catholic Church concerning the remission of the excommunication of the four Bishops consecrated by Archbishop Lefebvre (March 10, 2009)". La Santa Sede. 10 March 2009. Retrieved 27 August 2018. I have been told that consulting the information available on the internet would have made it possible to perceive the problem early on. I have learned the lesson that in the future in the Holy See we will have to pay greater attention to that source of news. I was saddened by the fact that even Catholics who, after all, might have had a better knowledge of the situation, thought they had to attack me with open hostility.
  10. ^ a b Magister, Sandro (4 February 2009). "Double Disaster at the Vatican: Of Governance, and of Communication". L'espresso. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  11. ^ a b "Prozess von Holocaust-Leugner muss neu aufgerollt werden". Hamburger Abendblatt. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  12. ^ "German court convicts British Holocaust-denying bishop", Haaretz/Associated Press, 16 January 2013
  13. ^ "Scomunicato il vescovo negazionista monsignor Williamson". Il Giornale (in Italian). 20 March 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  14. ^ a b c Wensierski, Peter; Winter, Steffen (1 February 2010). "Catholic Bishop Williamson Unrepentant in Holocaust Denial | Bishop Williamson's Holocaust denial embarrasses for the Catholic Church". ABC News. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  15. ^ a b c Taylor, Jerome Taylor (26 February 2009). "Bishop on the run: Holocaust denier back in Britain | Expelled from Argentina for his views on the Holocaust, a Catholic sect leader returns to country where he was born". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g Arco, Anna (5 March 2008). "Lefebvrists face crisis as bishop is exposed as 'dangerous' anti-Semite". The Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 25 June 2008.
  17. ^ a b c d Walker, Peter (25 February 2009). "Profile: Richard Williamson | British bishop's controversial views extend beyond the Holocaust to the September 11 attacks, Freemasons and women". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  18. ^ a b "Holocaust-denying bishop lived in Minn. 15 years". MPR News. 8 February 2009. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  19. ^ Apostolic letter Ecclesia Dei (2 July 1988). Vatican.va. Accessed 18 May 2017.
  20. ^ Interview for 30 days Archived 13 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine (2005). 30giorni. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  21. ^ SSPX FAQ Question 11 Archived 12 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine (29 June 1987). SSPX.org. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  22. ^ The 1988 consecrations: a theological study Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine (July & September 1999). Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  23. ^ The 1988 consecrations: a canonical study Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine (November 1999). Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  24. ^ Lefebvre, Marcel (24 January 2009). "From the SSPX's Superior General". SSPX | District of the USA. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019. — "Wasn't Archbishop Lefebvre excommunicated?" (FAQ). SSPX | District of the USA. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019. — Fellay, Bernard (24 January 2009). "On the withdrawal of the 1988 excommunications". SSPX | District of the USA. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  25. ^ "Ukrainian priest excommunicated". Byzantine Catholic Church in America. 21 November 2007. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019 – via Catholic World News. SSPX Bishop Richard Williamson illicitly ordained two SSJK priests and seven deacons.
  26. ^ a b c d Moylan, Martin J. (11 December 1988). "US Seminary of front line in Catholic Doctrine Battle". The Dallas Morning News.
  27. ^ a b Neuerbourg, Hanns (1 July 1988). "New Traditionalist Bishop Says Fight Just Beginning". The Associated Press.
  28. ^ a b McAteer, Michael (3 April 1989). "Liberalism destroying church, bishop says". The Toronto Star.
  29. ^ Wilkins, Emma (19 September 1988). "Bishop attacks Rome 'poison'". The Times. No. 63,190. London. p. 3.
  30. ^ Owen, Richard (21 April 2003). "Pope woos conservatives expelled for rebellion". Times Online. London. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  31. ^ Stowell, Linda (13 August 1988). "Ousted bishop says pope ruining church". Houston Chronicle.
  32. ^ Smoltczyk, Alexander (18 June 2007). "Uups! - et orbi: Ein Damenbesuch und andere unbekannte Seiten des Papstes". Spiegel Online.
  33. ^ a b Owen, Richard; Gledhill, Ruth (29 August 2005). "Pope opens talks with Latin Mass renegades". The Times. London.[dead link]
  34. ^ a b McAteer, Michael (15 April 1989). "Maverick bishop confirms Lefebvre's way". Toronto Star.
  35. ^ "Lefebvrist bishop says no reconciliation with Rome". Catholic World News. 15 September 2005. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015.
  36. ^ a b "Pope meets head of ultraconservative movement". USA Today. 29 August 2005. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018.
  37. ^ "SSPX bishop sees little hope for agreement with Rome". Catholic World News. 27 October 2006. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015.
  38. ^ Former Student: Bishop Often Attacked Judaism
  39. ^ a b c "Bishop's homily ranges from Columbus to 'JFK'". The Salt Lake Tribune. 28 March 1992. pp. A12.
  40. ^ Farney, Dennis (23 August 1995). "Paranoia Is Becoming An Article of Faith in a Tiny Kansas Town – A Split Among Its Catholics Is as Much About Suspicion As It Is About Doctrine". The Wall Street Journal.
  41. ^ a b Papadakis, Mary (14 July 2002). "Catholic right over 'sect'". Sunday Herald Sun.
  42. ^ Williamson, Richard (1 September 2001). "Bishop Williamson's Letters | Girls at University | Emancipation's Mess of Pottage (Gen. XXV, 29-34)". St. Césaire, QC: SSPX | District of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 November 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2019. A woman can [...] do a good imitation of handling ideas, but then she will not be properly thinking as woman. [...] Did this lawyeress check her hair-do just before coming into court? If she did, she is one distracted lawyer. If she did not, she is one distorted woman. [...] Alas, women going to university is part of the whole massive onslaught on God's Nature which characterizes our times.
  43. ^ Pigott, Robert (4 February 2009). "Profile: Bishop Richard Williamson". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  44. ^ Twiston-Davies, Bess (26 February 2009). "Bishop Williamson, shrinks, and The Sound of Music". Timesonline. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  45. ^ Williamson, Richard (November 2009). "The Film 'The Sound of Music'". Leofec Network. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2019. Sure enough, [...] she gives a dazzling demonstration of the superiority of liberty and equality over stuffy old Austrian ways! [...] As for cleanness, many films may be worse than the Sound of Music, but stop and think – are youth, physical attractiveness and being in love the essence of marriage? Can you imagine this Julie Andrews staying with the Captain if 'the romance went out of their marriage'? Would she not divorce him and grab his children from him to be her toys? Such romance is not actually pornographic but it is virtually so, in other words all the elements of pornography are there, just waiting to break out. One remembers the media sensation when a few years later Julie Andrews appeared topless in another film. That was no sensation, just a natural development for one rolling canine female.
  46. ^ Koch, Einar (4 February 2009). "Bishop Williamson's mad conspiracy theories — How could the pope rehabilitate him? | 'The Jews created Holocaust' and 'US planned 9/11'". Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  47. ^ Coppen, Luke (26 July 2012). "Morning Catholic must-reads: 26/07/12". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  48. ^ Weisbord, Robert G.; Sillanpoa, Wallace P. (1992). The Chief Rabbi, the Pope, and the Holocaust: An Era in Vatican-Jewish Relationships. New Brunswick, London: Transaction Publishers. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-88738-416-5. Williamson denies that Catholics and Jews worship the same god. Jews worship the god of the Talmud who is 'a devil, an absolute devil'. — "Williamson, one of Lefebvre's chief spokesmen in the United States", refers to: John 3:18: "He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God." 8:44: "Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it."
  49. ^ Williamson, Richard (17 May 2010). "Holocaust-Leugner Williamson: 'Es geht um Beweise'" [Holocaust denier Williamson: 'It's about evidence'] (Interview) (in German). Munich: Süddeutsche Zeitung. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2019. Dem Heiligen Paulus gemäß seien die 'Juden geliebt um der Väter willen, aber unsere Gegner um des Evangeliums willen'. Letztlich bedürften 'alle Menschen zu ihrer Erlösung Christus, ... auch die Juden'. — The interviewee refers to: Romans 11:28: "As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the father's sakes." John 14:6: "[N]o man cometh unto the Father, but by me."
  50. ^ Williamson, Richard (3 October 2000). "Bishops' Meeting With Cardinal Hoyos". Leofec Network. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019. I do believe that behind the Cardinal, as I said last month, there are villains at work, either Judeo-masons or prelates working for Judeo-masonry, who are far more sinister than this Cardinal is. These villains, I do believe, are using front-men like the Cardinal for as long as he is useful to their Revolution. He is, in Lenin's phrase, "a useful idiot", who will be cast aside the moment he no longer serves their forward march to the One-World-Religion. — Quoted by: Allen Jr., John L. (30 March 2001). "Pope in talks with Lefevbre group". National Catholic Reporter. Kansas City, MO. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  51. ^ a b c d Fox, Thomas C. (6 January 2009). "Lefebvre movement: long, troubled history with Judaism". National Catholic Reporter. Kansas City, MO. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  52. ^ Williamson, Richard (1 February 1991). "Bishop Williamson's Letters". St. Césaire, QC: SSPX | District of Canada. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  53. ^ a b Williamson, Richard (6 February 2008). "Interview with Bishop Williamson regarding controversial positions" (Interview). Interviewed by Stephen Heiner. True Restoration. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019. Only a fool is against Jews simply because they are Jews. There can be very few directors of Traditional Catholic seminaries, who have invited, as I once did, a Jewish rabbi to address seminarians. [...] [O]nly a Catholic who does not understand his faith is not against the enemies of Our Lord Jesus Christ. I am against Jews or Gentiles who are enemies of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
  54. ^ a b c d Williamson, Richard (9 February 2009). "SPIEGEL Interview with Bishop Richard Williamson: 'I Will Not Travel to Auschwitz'" (Interview). Interviewed by Peter Wensierski, Steffen Winter. Spiegel Online. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  55. ^ Weisbord, Robert G.; Sillanpoa, Wallace P. (1992). The Chief Rabbi, the Pope, and the Holocaust: An Era in Vatican-Jewish Relationships. New Brunswick, London: Transaction Publishers. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-88738-416-5. Williamson also shares the view of the so-called 'revisionists' that the Holocaust never occurred. It was a Jewish invention 'so we would prostrate ourselves on our knees before them and approve of their new State of Israel,' he told a Quebec audience.
  56. ^ a b c "Pope to cancel excommunication of rebel bishops | The Pope is expected to cancel the excommunication of four breakaway bishops including a Briton who has said the Nazis did not use gas chambers". The Daily Telegraph. London. 22 January 2009. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  57. ^ a b c d e Willan, Philip (25 January 2009). "Pope readmits Holocaust-denying priest to the church | Vatican lifts excommunication on renegade British bishop who declared: 'There were no gas chambers'". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  58. ^ a b c "Seminary sacks 'Holocaust bishop' | An ultra-traditionalist British bishop who denies the Holocaust has been removed from his post as the head of a Roman Catholic seminary in Argentina". BBC News. 9 February 2009. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  59. ^ Williamson, Richard (10 November 2018). "True Hero". Eleison Comments (obituary). No. 591. St. Louis, MO: St. Marcel Initiative. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019. — Cf. Faurisson, Robert (August 2003). "Preface". In Rudolf, Germar (ed.). Dissecting the Holocaust: The Growing Critique of 'Truth' and 'Memory'. Holocaust Handbooks. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). Chicago: Theses & Dissertations Press. Imprint of Castle Hill Publishers. ISBN 978-0-9679856-2-6. ISSN 1529-7748. Retrieved 15 January 2019. [T]ransforming the 'Holocaust' of the Jews into a religious belief, this time divested of all material content", "the co-religionists of" "Michael Berenbaum, the scientific director of the Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington", "will be only the more inflexible in denouncing authentic Revisionists as 'deniers', or 'negationists', as being intolerant, heartless, basely materialistic and hostile to the free expression of religious sentiments. For those Jews, the true Revisionists will thus continue to be diabolical in spirit even if they must be acknowledged to be in the right from a factual point of view.
  60. ^ Thavis, John (27 January 2009). "Pope lifts excommunications of Lefebvrite bishops". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  61. ^ Agnew, Paddy (23 January 2009). "Pope to lift excommunications of four 'Lefebvre' bishops". Irish Times. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  62. ^ CBCP News, Vatican: Bishop's Holocaust statements 'strongly rejected' by pope[usurped]
  63. ^ "Reaktioner i Tyskland – redan före sändning!" [Reactions in Germany - even before shipment!] (in Swedish). SVT. 20 January 2009. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009.
  64. ^ ADL To Vatican: Do Not Rehabilitate Holocaust Denier Bishop Archived 24 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  65. ^ "Pope in bid to dampen bishop row". 29 January 2009 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  66. ^ a b Winfold, Nicole (26 January 2009). "Vatican: Comments by Holocaust Denier Unacceptable". Fox News. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  67. ^ Pullella, Philip (28 January 2009). "Pope tries to heal rift with Jews over Holocaust denier". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  68. ^ Pullella, Philip (12 February 2009). "Pope tells Jews Holocaust denial is "intolerable"". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  69. ^ "Pope condemns denial of Holocaust". BBC. 12 February 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  70. ^ David, Ariel (29 January 2009). "Priest in Italy Defends Holocaust-Denier". ABC News. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  71. ^ "Pope denies feeling alone over Holocaust-denying bishop". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. 17 March 2009. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  72. ^ "Pope orders reform after Holocaust denial flap". USA Today. 9 July 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  73. ^ "Bishop Williamson apologizes for 'imprudent' Holocaust remarks". Catholic News Agency.
  74. ^ "Bishop who denied Holocaust apologizes to pope". The Boston Globe. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  75. ^ Bulletin of the Press Office of the Holy See, 4 February 2009 Archived 9 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  76. ^ "Holocaust bishop' told to recant". BBC News. news.bbc.co.uk. 4 February 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  77. ^ a b "Vatican rejects bishop's apology | The Vatican has rejected an apology by a British bishop who denied the full extent of the Holocaust". BBC News. 27 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  78. ^ ZENIT article Archived 3 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  79. ^ "Bishop Fellay's Letter to Swedish Television Station". www.remnantnewspaper.com.
  80. ^ Winfold, Nicole (27 January 2009). "Forgiveness sought for Holocaust-denying Bishop". East Bay Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  81. ^ Profile: Richard Williamson
  82. ^ "SSPX Head on Holocaust Denial: Williamson Apology 'A Step in Right Direction'". Der Spiegel. 2 March 2009 – via Spiegel Online.
  83. ^ "Lefebvrist bishop leaves Argentina". Catholic News Agency. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
  84. ^ "Holocaust-denying bishop leaves Argentina for Britain after airport scuffle". The Times. 24 February 2009.[dead link]
  85. ^ "Holocaust-denying bishop lands in UK after expulsion from Argentina", The Guardian, 25 February 2009
  86. ^ Totaro, Paola (26 February 2009). "Renouf greets expelled bishop". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 September 2009.
  87. ^ Messia, Hada; Vinci, Alessio; Pleitgen, Frederik (4 February 2009). "Vatican: Bishop must recant Holocaust denial". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  88. ^ Pidd, Heidi (26 October 2009). "German court fines British bishop for Holocaust claims". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  89. ^ "British bishop 'to go on trial' in Germany over racial hatred | Richard Williamson, a British bishop who denied the Holocaust took place, has been summoned to appear in a German court for inciting racial hatred". Daily Telegraph. London. 10 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  90. ^ "British bishop convicted of Holocaust denial: German court fines cleric $13,000 for saying Jews were not gassed to death". NBC News. 16 April 2010. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  91. ^ a b Winfield, Nicole (23 November 2010). "Holocaust-denying bishop threatened with expulsion". Charleston Daily Mail. Charleston, W.V. p. A.9.
  92. ^ "German court fines bishop for denying Holocaust". Reuters. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019.
  93. ^ Elgot, Jessica (11 July 2011). "Holocaust denier Bishop Richard Williamson loses appeal". Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  94. ^ Williamson, Richard (9 February 2013). "Fourth Trial". Eleison Comments (in German and English). No. 291. St. Louis, MO: St. Marcel Initiative. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  95. ^ "German court quashes appeal by Holocaust-denying bishop". 23 September 2013. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  96. ^ Cross, Michael (1 February 2019). "Strasbourg throws out Briton's Holocaust denial free speech claim". Law Society Gazette. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  97. ^ "Twice-excommunicated bishop loses appeal of hate speech conviction". Catholic News Agency. 1 February 2019. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  98. ^ "Bishop causes more controversy for breakaway Catholic group". Catholic News Agency. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  99. ^ Wooden, Cindy (24 October 2012). "SSPX expels Bishop Williamson, who opposed talks with Vatican". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  100. ^ Squires, Nick (24 October 2012). "Holocaust denying British bishop expelled from religious order | A renegade British bishop whose denial of the Holocaust precipitated a crisis in Benedict XVI's papacy has been expelled from his ultraconservative order". The Daily Telegraph. London. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  101. ^ Williamson, Richard (27 October 2012). "Momentous Decision". Eleison Comments. No. 276. St. Louis, MO: St. Marcel Initiative. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  102. ^ Williamson, Richard (10 November 2012). "Marcellus Initiative". Eleison Comments. No. 278. St. Louis, MO: St. Marcel Initiative. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  103. ^ "And Now?". Eleison Comments. No. 277. St. Louis, MO: St. Marcel Initiative. 3 November 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2019. God [...] wants a loose network of independent pockets of Resistance, gathered around the Mass, freely contacting one another, but with no structure of false obedience such as served to sink the mainstream Church in the 1960s, and is now sinking the Society of St Pius X. — Quoted, but without identifying the source of information, by: West, Ed (9 November 2012). "Expelled bishop urges network of 'Catholic resistance'". The Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019 – via Exact Editions.
  104. ^ "The St. Marcel Initiative" (official website). St. Louis, MO. 12 January 2019. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  105. ^ Glatz, Carol (19 March 2015). "Bishop Williamson is excommunicated after illicitly ordaining a bishop". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  106. ^ "No comparison to 1988: Faure's consecration". SSPX | District of the USA. 19 March 2015. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  107. ^ "Mgr Richard Williamson ordonne un nouvel évêque" (in French). La Vie. 30 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  108. ^ "Statement from Most Reverend Michael F. Burbidge on the Consecration of Father Gerardo Zendejas, Member of an Independent Church". www.arlingtondiocese.org. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  109. ^ Gallagher, Conor (24 July 2021). "Cork activist questioned over allegations of harassment by Christian fundamentalists". The Irish Times. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  110. ^ Avon, Simon (11 January 2023). "Ex-Lefebvrist prelate illicitly consecrates a fourth bishop". La Croix. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  111. ^ "Bp Michał Stobnicki - NON POSSUMUS". FSSPXR NON POSSUMUS (in Polish). 15 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  112. ^ "Eleison Comments DCCCXXXV". St. Marcel Initiative. 15 July 2023. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  113. ^ Peloso, Francesco (16 January 2024). "Viganò supera a destra i lefebvriani: il fronte tradizionalista si divide dopo Fiducia supplicans". Domani (in Italian).
  114. ^ Sartini, Serena (12 January 2024). "Viganò, il vescovo ribelle riconsacrato dal lefebvriano. Cresce la fronda anti Papa". il Giornale (in Italian).

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
  • Eleison Comments A weekly column in five languages by Bishop Richard Williamson.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Williamson_(bishop)&oldid=1257304313"